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Computational emotion, is naturally predicated on an operating theory of emotion. This paper seeks to explore the prevalence of three different approaches in the literature, namely basic emotion, dimensional emotion, and constructed emotion. Basic emotion maintains that there exists a discrete set of primitive emotions evolved as responses to certain stimuli; dimensional emotion sees different emotions as systematically related by two or more dimensions (typically valence and arousal); and constructed emotion describes emotional experience as a function of the brain’s general predictive faculties applied to learned social concepts of different emotions. In order to see how these approaches are represented in affective computing literature, we conduct a systematic survey spanning the IEEE, ACM, ScienceDirect, and Engineering Village databases. Out of 204 selected papers, 151 apply basic emotion theory, 48 apply dimensional emotion, and 5 apply constructed emotion. We find promising representation of the constructed emotion theory in the affective computing literature and conclude that it provides a theoretical basis worth pursuing for affective engagement human computer interaction (HCI) applications.